The Northwest is best explored by car. Although there is bus service between most towns, a car allows you to explore at ease the rainbow-colored mountain ranges of Humahuaco or the rugged scenery of Calchaquies Valley. Be prepared for long distances and hidden marvels off the beaten track, such as the Indian settlement of Quilme and the breathtaking canyons of Talampaya National Park. Most cities such as Salta and Jujuy are best explored by foot, and the wineries of Cafayate are easily accessible by bicycle. Three days at a minimum to 5 days should allow you to experience the flavor of the region.
Another way to discover the Northwest is aboard the Tren a las Nubes (Train to the Clouds), a daylong journey that takes you from Salta toward the Chilean border. It runs only from April to November, however, and it's currently suspended indefinitely.