Parks in Upper and Middle Keys
One of the best places to discover the diverse ecosystem of the Upper Keys is its most famous park, John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park, located on U.S. 1 at MM 102.5, in Key Largo (tel. 305/451-6300). Named for a former Miami Herald editor and conservationist, the 188-square-mile park is the nation's first undersea preserve: It's a sanctuary for part of the only living coral reef in the continental United States. The original plans for Everglades National Park included this part of the reef within its boundaries, but opposition from local homeowners made its inclusion politically impossible.
Because the water is extremely shallow, the 40 species of coral and more than 650 species of fish here are accessible to divers, snorkelers, and glass-bottom boat passengers. To experience this park, visitors must get in the water -- you can't see the reef from the shore. Your first stop should be the visitor center, which has a mammoth 30,000-gallon saltwater aquarium that re-creates a reef ecosystem. At the adjacent dive shop, you can rent snorkeling and diving equipment and join one of the boat trips that depart for the reef throughout the day. Visitors can also rent motorboats, sailboats, sailboards, and canoes. The 2 1/2-hour glass-bottom boat tour is the best way to see the coral reefs if you don't want to get wet. Watch for the lobsters and other sea life residing in the fairly shallow ridge walls beneath the coastal waters. Remember: These are protected waters, so you can't remove anything from them.
Canoeing around the park's narrow mangrove channels and tidal creeks is also popular. You can go on your own in a rented canoe or, in winter, sign up for a tour led by a local naturalist. Hikers have two short trails from which to choose: a boardwalk through the mangroves, and a dirt trail through a tropical hardwood hammock. Ranger-led walks are usually scheduled daily from the end of November to April. Call tel. 305/451-1202 for schedule information and reservations.
Park admission is $8 per vehicle of two to eight passengers plus a 50 cent Monroe County surcharge per person—if you have more than eight in the car, it’s $2.50 per person over the eight, $4.50 for a single driver, $2.50 for pedestrians and bicyclists. On busy weekends, there’s often a line of cars waiting to get into the park. On your way in, ask the ranger for a map. Glass-bottom-boat tours cost $50 for adults and $26 for children 4-11. Tours depart three times daily, at 9:15am, 12:15pm, and 3:15pm. Snorkeling tours depart four times daily and last approximately two and a half hours with an hour and a half underwater and are $49.95 for adults and $45.95 for children 17 and under; masks, fins, and snorkels cost $25 and the snorkel is yours to keep. Two-tank scuba tours are offered twice daily at 9am and 1:30pm and cost $105 per person including tanks and weights.
Canoes rent for $35 per hour; kayaks are $30 per hour for a single, $35 per hour for a double; and paddleboards $35 per hour. For experienced boaters only, four different sizes of reef boats (powerboats) rent for $400 for four hours to $500 for a full day. Reservations are recommended and you need proof of proficiency to rent a boat. Also see below for more options on diving, fishing, and snorkeling off these reefs.
Long Key State Recreation Area, U.S. 1 at MM 68, Long Key (tel. 305/664-4815), is one of the best places in the Middle Keys for hiking, camping, snorkeling, and canoeing. This 965-acre site is situated atop the remains of an ancient coral reef. At the entrance gate, ask for a free flyer describing the local trails and wildlife.
Three nature trails can be explored via foot or canoe. The Golden Orb Trail is a 40-minute walk through mostly plants; the Layton Trail is a 15-minute walk along the bay; and the Long Key Canoe Trail glides along a shallow-water lagoon. The excellent 1.5-mile canoe trail is short and sweet, allowing visitors to loop around the mangroves in about an hour. Long Key is also a great spot to stop for a picnic if you get hungry on your way to Key West. Campsites are available along the Atlantic Ocean. The swimming and saltwater fishing (license required) are top-notch here, as is the snorkeling, which is shallow and on the shoreline of the Atlantic. For novices, educational programs on the aforementioned are available, too.
Railroad builder Henry Flagler created the Long Key Fishing Club here in 1906, and the waters surrounding the park are still popular with game fishers. In summer, sea turtles lumber onto the protected coast to lay their eggs. Educational programs are available to view this phenomenon.
Admission is $5 per car of two to eight people, $4.50 single-occupant vehicle, $2.50 pedestrian or bicyclist, plus 50¢ per person Monroe County Surcharge (except for the Layton Trail, which is free). The recreation area is open daily from 8am to sunset. Y