Maori Language & Culture
The Maori language is a Polynesian dialect. It was first given a written form in the early 19th century by missionaries and British linguists. In the latter part of the 19th century, Maori were forced to adopt the English language in schools, and it wasn't until the 1960s that a strong Maori resurgence began. The Maori Language Act of 1987 really changed things. It made Maori an official New Zealand language along with English, and a Maori Language Commission was set up to create authentic Maori names for government departments and major organizations. Today, there are Maori radio stations and television channels, and Maori is taught in all levels of the education system.
When you visit New Zealand, you will be surrounded by things Maori: Words, place names, and many tourist ventures are all indications of this revitalized culture. No one expects you to be able to pronounce many Maori names - it's hard enough for those who have spent their lives here -- but these tips might make it easier. Some Maori words are both singular and plural and require no s. Maori, Pakeha, and kea are all good examples (like the English words deer and fish). There are 15 letters in the Maori alphabet: A, E, H, I, K, M, N, O, P, R, T, U, W, NG, and WH, and every syllable ends in a vowel. The vowel sounds are of great importance and when two vowels come together, each is given its proper sound. WH is usually pronounced as an F.
In the last decade or so, the inclusion of Maori words and phrases in everyday life has become increasingly common. As a visitor here, you'll come across a number of words that may seem incomprehensible. Kia ora is probably the simplest and the most common. Kai (food) is also in common usage, as are whanau (family), iwi(tribe), and tangata whenua (literally "people of the land" - in reference to Maori).
Tourism New Zealand and many tourism operators have also adopted a number of traditional Maori values as part of their contemporary business practice. These include manaakitanga (hospitality/nurturing), kaitiakitanga (guardianship), rangatiratanga (leadership), and kotahitanga (unity). The two that visitors will come across most often are manaakitanga, which is an all-encompassing sense of hospitality, sharing, and welcome; and kaitiakitanga, which is most used (in a tourism context) in relation to the guardianship of treasures (taonga), and the bounty of the land and its resources.
Maori for Beginners
Here's a list of the most commonly used prefixes and suffixes for place names:
Ao -- Cloud
Ika -- Fish
Nui -- Big, or plenty of
Roto -- Lake
Rua -- Cave, or hollow, or two (Rotorua's two lakes)
Tahi -- One, single
Te -- The
Wai -- Water
Whanga -- Bay, inlet, or stretch of water
These are other frequently used words:
Ariki -- Chief or priest
Atua -- Supernatural being, such as a god or demon
Haka -- Dance (war, funeral, and so on)
Hangi -- An oven made by filling a hole with heated stones, and the feast roasted in it
Hongi -- The pressing together of noses in traditional greeting
Karakia -- Prayer or spell
Kaumatua -- Elder
Kereru -- Wood pigeon
Kia ora -- Hello, Go well
Kumara -- Sweet potato
Mana -- Authority, prestige, psychic force
Marae -- Courtyard, village common
Mere -- War club made of greenstone (jade)
Pa -- Stockade or fortified place
Pakeha -- Caucasian person; primarily used to refer to those of European descent
Poi -- Bulrush ball with string attached, twirled in action song
Tangi -- Funeral mourning or lamentation
Taonga -- Treasure
Tapu -- Under religious or superstitious restriction (taboo)
Tiki -- Human image, sometimes carved of greenstone
Whare -- House
Kiwi Terms & Phrases
Who would have thought the English language could be so confusing? New Zealand may seem like an easy place to negotiate, but it has developed some very distinctive language characteristics. Here's a guide to help you negotiate everyday colloquialisms.
Kiwi/Yankee Terms
Air-conditioning -- Refers to both heating and cooling the air
All Blacks -- New Zealand rugby team
Bach -- North Island term for vacation house (plural: baches)
Bath -- Bathtub
Bathroom -- Where one bathes; bath
Biro -- Ballpoint pen
Biscuits/bickies -- Cookies
Bludge -- Borrow
Bonnet -- Hood of car
Boot -- Trunk of car
Bro -- Slang for "brother"; a friendly term used widely
Bush -- Forest
Chemist shop -- Drugstore
Chilly bin -- Styrofoam cooler (U.S.), esky (Aus.)
Coach -- Long-distance bus
Cocky -- Farmer
College -- High school
Cot -- Crib (place where a baby or toddler sleeps)
Crib -- South Island term for holiday house
Cuppa -- Cup of tea
Cyclone -- Hurricane
Dairy -- Convenience store
Dish -- As in "a bit of a dish"; a good-looking woman
Do -- As in "a bit of a do"; a party
Doona/Duvet -- Comforter, quilt (Aus.)
En suite -- In-room bathroom
Fanny -- Female genitalia; you'll shock Kiwis if you call the thing you wear around your waist a "fanny pack"
Flannel -- Face cloth
Footpath -- Sidewalk
Gallops -- Thoroughbred horse racing
Get stuck in -- Get started
Gidday -- Hello
Grizzle -- Complain
Grog -- Booze
Gumboots -- Waterproof rubber boots (U.S.), Wellingtons (Britain)
Hire -- Rent
Homely -- Homey
Hooker -- Front-row rugby player
Hotties -- Hot-water bottles
Housie -- Bingo
Jandals -- Thongs (Aus.), flip-flops (U.S./Britain)
Jersey -- Pullover sweater (U.S.), jumper (Aus.)
Judder bars -- Speed bumps (U.S.), sleeping policeman (Britain)
Jug -- Electric kettle or a pitcher
Kiwi -- Person from New Zealand; native bird of New Zealand
Knickers -- Underwear, undies
Knock up -- Wake up
Lift -- Elevator
Loo -- Toilet
Lounge -- Living room
LSZ -- Low-speed zone
Mate -- Friend
Mossie -- Mosquito
Nappy -- Diaper
Pakeha -- Anyone of European descent
Private facilities -- Private bathroom
Pushchair -- Baby stroller
Queue -- Line, to wait in line
Rates -- Property taxes
Return ticket -- Round-trip ticket
Rug -- Blanket
Serviette -- Napkin
Shout -- Treat someone (usually refers to a meal or a drink), buy a round
Single bed -- Twin bed
Singlet -- Sleeveless undershirt
Sister -- Nurse
Smoko -- Morning or afternoon break
Strides -- Trousers
Ta -- Thank you
Thongs -- Brief underwear (not the Australian term for jandals -- see above)
To call -- To visit
Togs -- Swimsuit (U.S.), cozzie (Aus.)
To ring -- To phone
Track -- Trail
Tramping -- Hiking
Trots -- Harness racing; in New Zealand the word also means diarrhea
Uplift -- Pick up
Varsity -- University, college
Yank -- American
Note: This information was accurate when it was published, but can change without notice. Please be sure to confirm all rates and details directly with the companies in question before planning your trip.